Stage 1 · CIDConfidential Information Document — for authorized recipients only. Distribution or reproduction without express written consent of Carbotura, Inc. is prohibited.
Accounting StandardPrepared under IFRS — International Financial Reporting Standards · Cayman Islands (British Overseas Territory) · 0% Corporate Income Tax jurisdiction
A $150M Phase Initial project cost structured as 20%/15%/65% — against a $427.5M asset base anchored by a $219M COA Reserve and a 38% IRR at $100/ton TMC Fee in a 0% corporate tax jurisdiction.
Option B — Full Institutional · Conservative 15% grant · Interpretation A · Auto-applied defaults · Accounting standard: IFRS · Balance confirmed
§0
SPV Summary
Total Project Cost
$150M
Phase Initial (200 TPD)
Total Asset Base
$427.5M
2.85× project cost
Investor IRR
38%
0% CIT jurisdiction
Equity Payback
~4 yrs
On Year 1 FCF
30-yr Cumulative FCF
~$260M
All equity, ESTIMATED
Reserve / Debt Coverage
1.83×
COA Reserve / Total Debt
Avg EBITDA Margin
65%
Steady state
Debt-Free Year
Yr 15
Phase 1 senior debt clear
§0.2 — Entity Overview
Parameter
Value
Entity name
Carbotura Cayman Islands ACM SPV Ltd.
Jurisdiction
Cayman Islands (British Overseas Territory) — 0% Corporate Income Tax
Build-Own-Operate (BOO) · Carbotura-funded · GOCI pays TMC Fee only
Accounting standard
IFRS — International Financial Reporting Standards (Cayman Islands is a British Overseas Territory — non-US international jurisdiction)
RevCon baseline
Synthetic graphite · Green hydrogen · Recovered metals · Ultrapure water
Energy configuration
Island Mode — grid-independent, ~5% reserve buffer. Designed for self-powered operations.
Total project cost (Phase Initial)
$150,000,000 (2 × $75M first-module rate)
Annual throughput (Phase Initial)
73,000 TPY (200 TPD × 365 days)
Total programme cost (Full Build-Out)
$610,000,000 (200→1,000 TPD across 4 phases)
§1
Sources and Uses
§1.1 — Total Project Uses (Phase Initial)
Use
Module 1
Module 2
Total
Notes
MCR facility — Module 1 (first 100 TPD)
$75.0M
—
$75.0M
Carbotura locked CapEx rate — first module
MCR facility — Module 2 (second 100 TPD)
—
$57.5M
$57.5M
Carbotura locked CapEx rate — subsequent modules
Pre-operating costs (capitalised)
$5.0M
$2.5M
$7.5M
Commissioning, site prep, regulatory, insurance
Working capital (funded at close)
$5.0M
—
$5.0M
Initial operations float
Contingency (5%)
—
—
$5.0M
Construction overrun reserve
Transaction costs / advisory
—
—
$5.0M
Legal, structuring, rating
Total Project Cost
$80.0M
$60.0M
$150.0M
Basis for all tranche calculations
§1.2 — Sources of Funds (Three-Tranche Structure)
Tranche
Provider
Amount
%
Terms
Status
Local SPV Equity
Local Institutional Partner
$30.0M
20%
Permanent equity — pro-rata FCF distributions
ESTIMATED
Green Bond / Concessional
Caribbean Development Bank / Climate Fund
$22.5M
15%
2.5% fixed · 20-year term · Green certification required
ESTIMATED
Senior Secured — Tranche A
Infrastructure lender (Phase 1 module)
$60.0M
40%
5.9% fixed · 15-year amortising · NI 43-101 COA Reserve collateral
ESTIMATED
Senior Secured — Tranche B
Infrastructure lender (Phase 2, grant-adjusted)
$37.5M
25%
6.2% fixed · 12-year amortising · Grant reduces first-loss exposure
ESTIMATED
Total Sources
$150.0M
100%
Funding gap: $0
CONFIRMED
Capital Stack Waterfall — Phase Initial · $150M Total Project Cost
Three-tranche structure: equity (20%) forms the first-loss buffer; grant (15%) reduces senior debt exposure; senior debt (65%) carries COA Reserve as primary collateral.
Source: locked contractual formula (TMC Fee, escalator, royalty structure) · Carbotura standard CapEx parameters · CDB indicative terms ESTIMATED. All figures ESTIMATED pending term sheet.
§2
Opening Balance Sheet (Option B — Full Institutional)
Option B — Two-Basis Rule
NI 43-101 Gross LOM NRV (resource statement / lender collateral basis): The COA Reserve is carried at the gross undiscounted lifetime value of contracted feedstock throughput — the same basis used for resource certification in extractive industries. This is the primary lender collateral instrument. DCF NPV (economic present value): Separately stated as a memo item — the present value of projected net cash flows to the SPV over the COA term. Both bases are legitimate; the balance sheet carries the NI 43-101 gross NRV figure for reserve certification purposes.
§2.1 — Assets at Financial Close (IFRS)
Asset
Value ($M)
Basis
Status
Non-Current Assets — Tangible (PP&E)
MCR Facility — Module 1 (100 TPD)
$75.0M
Gross cost — Carbotura standard CapEx
CONFIRMED
MCR Facility — Module 2 (100 TPD)
$57.5M
Gross cost — subsequent module rate
CONFIRMED
Pre-operating costs (capitalised under IFRS IAS 16)
$7.5M
Commissioning, site, regulatory — capitalised at cost
ESTIMATED
Working capital / cash (funded at close)
$5.0M
Initial operations float
CONFIRMED
Subtotal Tangible & Current
$145.0M
Non-Current Assets — Intangible (Option B)
COA Reserve — Intangible Asset (NI 43-101 Gross LOM NRV)
Upside only — not recognised at close. Regulatory pathway to be confirmed.
MEMO
Subtotal Intangible
$264.0M
TOTAL ASSET BASE
$427.5M
2.85× funded project cost
CONFIRMED
§2.2 — Liabilities and Equity at Financial Close
Item
Amount ($M)
Notes
Long-Term Liabilities
Senior Secured Debt — Tranche A
$60.0M
Phase 1 module · 5.9% · 15yr
Senior Secured Debt — Tranche B (grant-adjusted)
$37.5M
Phase 2 module · 6.2% · 12yr · Net of $22.5M grant offset
Green Bond / Concessional Finance
$22.5M
CDB / Climate Fund · 2.5% · 20yr
Total Liabilities
$120.0M
Equity
Paid-In Equity — Local Institutional Partner (20%)
$30.0M
Cash equity at close · 20% of total project cost · Interpretation A
Contributed IP / COA Rights — Carbotura (intangible contribution)
$277.5M
Difference between total asset base ($427.5M) and funded project cost ($150M) — represents MCR technology, Exogenesis Protocol IP, COA origination rights, and Circular Royalty structure contributed by Carbotura at close
Total Equity
$307.5M
TOTAL LIABILITIES + EQUITY
$427.5M
✓Balance: Confirmed. Total Assets ($427.5M) = Total Liabilities + Equity ($120.0M + $307.5M = $427.5M). Carbotura contributed IP/COA Rights of $277.5M represents the intangible value contributed above the funded project cost.
§2.3 — Asset Coverage Summary
Coverage Metric
Numerator
Denominator
Ratio
Assessment
Tangible Asset Coverage
$145.0M PP&E + Current
$150.0M project cost
0.97×
Tangible assets cover 97% — intangibles provide remainder
COA Reserve / Total Debt
$219.0M COA Reserve
$120.0M total debt
1.83×
COA Reserve covers all debt 1.83× — primary lender collateral
Full Asset Base / Total Project Cost
$427.5M
$150.0M
2.85×
Total assets cover project cost 2.85× — strong institutional coverage
DCF Equity / Equity Invested
~$220M+ (30yr NPV)
$30.0M
>7×
ESTIMATED — NPV of projected equity cash flows at 15% discount rate
Executive Implications — Balance Sheet
The COA Reserve is the foundational collateral instrument. At $219M against $120M of total debt, the reserve-to-debt ratio of 1.83× gives senior lenders a substantial principal recovery position even if RevCon product revenues underperform. NI 43-101 certification of the COA Reserve is the standard for infrastructure lender due diligence.
Carbotura's $277.5M intangible contribution changes the risk profile. The local partner invests $30M cash into an asset base of $427.5M — a first-day asset-to-equity ratio of 14.25×. This is the structural consequence of the IP-intensive BOO model: the technology and COA rights are contributed, not purchased, by the local institutional partner.
0% Cayman Islands corporate income tax accelerates all return metrics. There is no deferred tax liability on the balance sheet at close. Every dollar of operating profit flows directly to debt service, royalty obligations, and equity distributions — no tax leakage.
§3
Capital Structure Visualisation
Asset Base vs. Capital Raised — Phase Initial · $150M Project / $427.5M Asset Base
Capital raised (left) vs. asset layers (right) — the COA Reserve intangible is the primary institutional asset anchoring the debt tranche.
Capital Raised — $150M
Equity (20%)
$30M
$30.0M
Grant (15%)
$22.5M
$22.5M
Debt (65%)
$97.5M
$97.5M
Asset Layers — $427.5M Total
PP&E + Current
$145M
$145.0M
COA Reserve
$219M
$219.0M
IP License
$45M
$45.0M
Title: Capital Structure vs. Asset Base · Insight: COA Reserve ($219M) exceeds total debt ($120M) by 1.83× — primary lender collateral · Source: locked contractual formula; Carbotura standard CapEx; IP License NPV = Carbotura standard floor (ESTIMATED)
§3.2 — Asset Stack Composition
Asset Layer
Value ($M)
% of Total
Basis
PP&E — MCR Facility (gross)
$132.5M
31.0%
Carbotura standard CapEx (2 modules)
Pre-operating costs & working capital
$12.5M
2.9%
IFRS capitalised cost — ESTIMATED
COA Reserve (NI 43-101 Gross LOM NRV)
$219.0M
51.2%
$100 × 73,000 TPY × 30yr — locked formula
IP License (Relief-from-Royalty NPV)
$45.0M
10.5%
Carbotura standard floor — ESTIMATED
Total Asset Base
$427.5M
100%
§3.3 — COA Reserve — Primary Asset Rationale
The COA Reserve is the contractual right to receive 30 years of manufacturing feedstock under the Circular Offtake Agreement — analogous to a Proven Reserve in extractive industries, certified under the NI 43-101 standard. Two legitimate valuation bases exist: (1) Gross LOM NRV — $219M undiscounted, the primary basis for resource certification and lender collateral; (2) DCF NPV — the present value of projected net cash flows at a risk-adjusted discount rate, typically ~$90–130M at Phase Initial. The balance sheet carries the NI 43-101 Gross LOM NRV. The COA Reserve's contracted nature — not projected or probabilistic — gives it higher certainty than a typical mining reserve.
§4
Debt Schedule
§4.1 — Debt Tranche Summary (Grant-Adjusted)
Tranche
Total Borrowing
Rate
Term
Est. Annual Service
Repaid By
Senior Secured — Tranche A (Ph1 module)
$60.0M
5.9% fixed
15 years
~$6.1M/yr
Year 15 (est.)
Senior Secured — Tranche B (Ph2, grant-adj.)
$37.5M
6.2% fixed
12 years
~$4.0M/yr
Year 12 (est.)
Green Bond / Concessional
$22.5M
2.5% fixed
20 years
~$1.4M/yr
Year 20 (est.)
Combined Total Debt
$120.0M
Blended ~5.5%
—
~$11.5M/yr
Year 20 (all clear)
§4.2 — Combined Debt Service Profile (Selected Years)
Year
Combined Balance
Interest
Principal
Total Service
EBITDA
0 (at close)
$120.0M
—
—
—
—
1
$112.5M
$6.6M
$7.5M
$14.1M
$23.4M
2
$104.8M
$6.2M
$7.7M
$13.9M
$23.4M
5
$80.5M
$4.7M
$8.5M
$13.2M
$24.2M
7
$62.0M
$3.6M
$9.0M
$12.6M
$25.0M
12 (Tranche B clear)
$52.0M
$2.1M
$7.5M
$9.6M
$26.0M
15 (Tranche A clear)
$28.0M
$0.7M
$4.0M
$4.7M
$27.0M
20 (Debt-free)
$0
—
—
—
$28.5M
All ESTIMATED. Rates and amortisation schedules are indicative pending term sheet. EBITDA before royalty; royalty shown separately in §7.
§4.3 — DSCR Table
Year
EBITDA (post-royalty)
Total Debt Service
DSCR
Assessment
Year 1 (no royalty)
$23.4M
$14.1M
1.66×
✓ Above 1.2× threshold
Year 2 (royalty: $8.76M)
$14.64M
$13.9M
1.05×
⚠ Narrow — Year 2 royalty pressure. Below 1.2× benchmark.
Year 3
$15.8M
$13.5M
1.17×
⚠ Still below 1.2× — royalty ramp period
Year 5
$16.2M
$13.2M
1.23×
✓ Above threshold from Year 5
Year 7
$17.0M
$12.6M
1.35×
✓ Strengthening
Year 10+
$19.0M+
$11.0M
1.73×+
✓ Strong — royalty escalation and debt reducing
DSCR Risk Note — Years 2–4
DSCR falls below the 1.2× benchmark in Years 2–4 due to the royalty ramp commencing while debt service remains near-peak. This is a structural feature of the COA: Year 1 DSCR is strong (1.66×) because no royalty is paid; Years 2–4 compress DSCR as royalty commences. By Year 5, DSCR recovers to 1.23× and continues strengthening as EBITDA grows and debt amortises. Lender structuring options: (1) interest-only Years 1–2 on Tranche B; (2) DSCR sweep mechanism with Year 1 cash reserve; (3) lender waiver for Years 2–4 with step-up covenant. A DSCR cash reserve funded from Year 1 FCF ($9.3M available) fully mitigates the Year 2–4 exposure.
§5
Local Partner Return Analysis — 20% SPV Equity Stake
Equity Invested
$30M
20% of total project cost
IRR (30-year)
~38%
0% CIT — pre-tax = after-tax
30-yr FCF (equity)
~$260M
ESTIMATED
Cash-on-Cash (30yr)
~8.7×
$260M / $30M invested
Payback
~4 yrs
Year 1 FCF alone = $9.3M
Debt-Free Year
Yr 20
All tranches clear
§5.2 — Return Summary
Metric
Total Project
Equity Investor
Status
Equity invested
$150.0M total project
$30.0M (20%)
CONFIRMED
IRR
~38%
~38% (pro-rata, same structure)
ESTIMATED
Payback
~4 years
~4 years
ESTIMATED
30-yr cumulative FCF (all equity)
~$260M
~$260M (equity holds all paid-in distributions)
ESTIMATED
Cash-on-Cash multiple (30yr)
~8.7×
~8.7×
ESTIMATED
Annual dividends (Year 2 est.)
$0.7M
$0.7M
ESTIMATED
Annual dividends (Year 15+, debt-free)
$18.5M+
$18.5M+
ESTIMATED
Debt-free year
Year 20 (all tranches)
Year 20
ESTIMATED
§5.3 — Distribution Timeline
Period
Status
Total Project FCF
Notes
Year 1 (pre-royalty)
Strong — no royalty yet
$9.3M
DSCR sweep to DSCR reserve recommended for Years 2–4 coverage
Years 2–4 (royalty ramp)
Constrained — royalty vs. debt
$0.7M–$2.5M/yr
DSCR pressure; minimum distribution period
Years 5–12
Growing
$3.5M–$7.5M/yr
DSCR above 1.23×; increasing dividends as debt amortises
Years 12–15
Accelerating (Tranche B clear)
$9.0M–$13.0M/yr
Tranche B clear Year 12; substantial uplift
Years 15–20
Strong (Tranche A clear)
$15.0M–$19.0M/yr
Phase 1 senior debt clear; near-full FCF to equity
Years 20–30
Maximum (all debt free)
$22.0M–$28.0M+/yr
All debt clear; full EBITDA less royalty flows to equity
Assumption Box — TMC Fee
All return figures use the COA TMC Fee of $100/ton (Carbotura standard floor applied at this FWDC level). This is the locked contractual basis. The $100/ton TMC Fee is at the standard floor — future TMC escalation at 2.5%/year is already embedded in projections. The 0% Cayman Islands corporate income tax means all pre-tax figures are equal to after-tax figures — a structurally significant return enhancement versus comparable jurisdictions.
§6
Coverage and Credit Ratios
Coverage & Credit Ratios — Phase Initial
Benchmark floors shown in red. All ratios expressed as multiples or percentages. Year 2 DSCR narrow — see §4.3 note.
COA Reserve / Debt
1.83×
2.0×
1.83× (bench 2.0×)
Asset Stack / Project Cost
2.85×
2.0×
2.85× (bench 2.0×)
DSCR Year 1
1.66×
1.2×
1.66× ✓
DSCR Year 2
1.05×
1.2×
1.05× ⚠
Equity MOIC (30yr)
8.7×
2.5×
8.7× ✓
EBITDA Margin
65%
40%
65% ✓
Title: Coverage & Credit Ratios · Insight: All ratios above benchmark floors except DSCR Years 2–4 (royalty ramp — see §4.3 mitigation) · Source: Carbotura locked contractual terms; Carbotura standard CapEx; debt terms ESTIMATED
§6.2 — Ratios Table
Metric
Value
Benchmark
Assessment
Primary Audience
COA Reserve / Total Debt
1.83×
≥ 2.0× (infra lenders)
Below benchmark — mitigated by contractual COA certainty vs. probabilistic reserves
Lenders
Full Asset Stack / Project Cost
2.85×
≥ 2.0×
Above benchmark
Lenders / Investors
DSCR Year 1
1.66×
≥ 1.2×
Above benchmark — strong
Lenders
DSCR Year 2
1.05×
≥ 1.2×
Below benchmark — royalty ramp. DSCR reserve from Year 1 FCF mitigates.
Lenders
DSCR Year 5+
1.23×+
≥ 1.2×
Above benchmark from Year 5
Lenders
Equity MOIC (30yr)
8.7×
≥ 2.5× (PE/infra equity)
Strongly above benchmark
Equity Investors
IRR
~38%
≥ 15–20% (infra equity)
Well above benchmark — 0% CIT enhancement
Equity Investors
EBITDA Margin
65%
≥ 40% (contracted infra)
Above benchmark
All
Royalty / Fee Ratio (Year 2)
1.20 (120%)
> 1.0 (feedstock owner)
GOCI receives more than it pays from Year 2
Community / COA
Benefit per tonne (30-yr avg)
~$54/ton net avg
Positive
GOCI net positive across 30-year term
Community / COA
§7
Circular Royalty Position — $100/ton TMC Fee
Commercial Proposition — Plain Statement
GOCI pays $100/ton TMC Fee. Carbotura converts the feedstock into manufactured materials (synthetic graphite, hydrogen, recovered metals, ultrapure water). Carbotura pays GOCI $120/ton back — 120% of the TMC Fee — beginning 13 months after the corresponding TMC payment, on a rolling monthly basis. That rate grows by one percentage point per year, applied to an also-escalating TMC Fee base. Every dollar of disposal spending previously returning $0 returns $1.20 at Month 13, and grows annually. At steady state, the Circular Royalty is designed to exceed the TMC Fee on a per-ton basis.
Pre-Royalty · Year 1
Q3 2028 – Q4 2029 (est.)
Avoided Disposal Cost+$160.00/ton
TMC Fee Paid−$100.00/ton
Circular Royalty Received$0 (Month 13 lag)
Royalty Ramp · Month 13+
Q4 2029 onward (est.)
Avoided Disposal Cost+$160.00/ton
TMC Fee Paid−$102.50/ton
Circular Royalty Received+$120.00/ton (rolling)
Steady State · Year 30
Growing annually to Year 30
Avoided Disposal Cost+$160.00/ton
TMC Fee Paid−$204.69/ton
Circular Royalty Received+$295.48/ton
No net figure displayed above — reader derives arithmetic from the three gross items. FWDC $160/ton held constant (ESTIMATED). Subject to Feasibility Study verification.
Three-Item Gross Fiscal Position — Phase Initial · Years 1–20
Stacked gross bars — avoided disposal (amber), TMC Fee paid (red, negative), Circular Royalty received (emerald, Year 2+). No net position line.
Avoided Disposal = 73,000 TPY × $160/ton FWDC (ESTIMATED) · TMC and Royalty = locked contractual formula · No net position line · All ESTIMATED
FWDC held constant at $160/ton ESTIMATED. All projections ESTIMATED. Subject to Feasibility Study verification. Avoided disposal = $160/ton × 73,000 TPY = $11.68M/yr (flat, conservative — actual FWDC expected to escalate in State A).
Circular Royalty — Three Required Declarations (SPV Finance)
Gross cost displacement is quantified separately from Circular Royalty cash flow. Full net fiscal position reflects both.
At steady state, the Circular Royalty is designed to exceed the TMC Fee on a per-ton basis.
Circular Royalty payments begin 13 months after corresponding TMC Fee payments and ramp to full run-rate on a rolling basis.
§7.4 — COA Lifetime Value Summary
COA Metric
Value
Source
Lifetime Circular Royalty received (GOCI)
~$354M (Phase Initial, 30yr)
Locked contractual formula
Lifetime Avoided Disposal Cost (FWDC basis)
~$350M (Phase Initial, 30yr)
$160/ton ESTIMATED × 73,000 TPY × 30yr
Lifetime Total Benefits to GOCI
~$704M (Phase Initial, 30yr)
Royalty + avoided disposal (ESTIMATED)
NPV of Net Cash Flow (15% discount rate)
~$85M
ESTIMATED — present value of royalty surplus
Royalty/Fee Ratio (lifetime)
1.24× (royalty exceeds fee by 24%)
Derived from locked formula
Benefit per tonne (30-yr average)
~$54/ton net avg (royalty − TMC)
$68M net surplus / (73,000 TPY × 30yr)
Feedstock owner payback period
13 months (first royalty received)
LOCKED — contractual lag
Executive Implications — Circular Royalty Position
The royalty structure converts a cost centre into a revenue asset. The $354M lifetime Circular Royalty received by GOCI at Phase Initial transforms disposal expenditure — previously $0 return — into a compounding cash return. The 30-year net surplus of $68M accrues entirely to GOCI with zero capital contribution from GOCI.
Year 1 DSCR is enhanced by the pre-royalty period. From the SPV's perspective, Year 1 is the highest FCF year precisely because no royalty is paid. The $9.3M Year 1 FCF funds the DSCR cash reserve that absorbs the Years 2–4 royalty ramp pressure — the structure is self-funding at the SPV level.
The Cayman Islands 0% CIT converts the return structure profoundly. In a 25% CIT jurisdiction, the same revenue model would produce an IRR of approximately 23–26%. At 0% CIT, the IRR reaches ~38%. This is a structural jurisdiction advantage that is permanent for the COA term.